Inference-observation confusion is:​

A) A failure to distinguish between what we observed firsthand and what we only assume to be true.
B) Vague versus direct instructions that cause frustration and conflict.
C) Physical disorientation that can occur with trait anxiety.
D) ​when people incorrectly assume a word has identical meaning for everyone 

Inference-Observation Confusion

It refers to the misunderstanding that occurs when people confuse their inferences, or interpretations, with factual observations.

Vague Instructions

Instructions that are not clear or specific, leading to confusion or misinterpretation.

Trait Anxiety

A personality characteristic where an individual tends to perceive situations as threatening and react with anxiety more often than the average person.