In the valuation of inventory at the end of an accounting period, the following costs are included:

A) manufacturing costs.
B) manufacturing and upstream costs.
C) manufacturing and downstream costs.
D) manufacturing, upstream and downstream costs.

Downstream Costs

Costs incurred after the production phase, such as distribution and marketing expenses, as well as after-sales service costs.

Upstream Costs

Expenses incurred in the early stages of the production process, which can include exploration, development, and extraction in the oil and gas industry.

Inventory Valuation

The method used to calculate the cost of goods sold and ending inventory value for financial reporting.