In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03,p < 0.01,what does 1.03 represent?

A) test statistic
B) degrees of freedom
C) obtained value
D) alpha level

Obtained Value

The actual value or result measured or calculated from an experiment or survey.

Test Statistic

A value calculated from sample data during a hypothesis test. It is used to make a decision regarding the null hypothesis.

Alpha Level

The alpha level, often symbolized as α, is the threshold of statistical significance in hypothesis testing, commonly set at 0.05.