In Ekman's studies of emotional experience, participants are usually drawn from either literate, Western cultures, or isolated, preliterate cultures. This describes the studies' __________ variable.

A) independent
B) dependent
C) experimental
D) control

Independent Variable

The factor in a study that is deliberately altered or varied to determine its impact on the outcome variable.

Preliterate Cultures

describes societies that do not employ written language and often rely on oral tradition for the transmission of culture, history, and knowledge.

Emotional Experience

The subjective perception and interpretation of emotions, including the feelings, physical sensations, and cognitive assessments associated with them.