In correlational studies,there is ambiguity as to which variable is the cause and which is the effect.This phenomenon is known as

A) the third variable problem.
B) random error.
C) selection bias.
D) the directionality problem.

Directionality Problem

An issue in correlational studies where it is unclear which variable causes changes in the other.

Third Variable Problem

A challenge in research where a correlation between two variables may be explained by the presence of a third variable that influences both.

Random Error

Variability in measurement or data that arises from unpredictable fluctuations during the data collection process.