In an open economy, national saving can be less than investment.

National Saving

The total amount of savings in a country, which is comprised of both private savings by households and the savings of the government, representing the difference between a nation’s income and consumption.

Open Economy

An economy that allows for trading and financial transactions with other countries.

Investment

Refers to the purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are used in the future to create wealth, such as purchasing machinery for a factory.