Identify who, what, where, when, and/or why the following are important:
1. International Brigades
2. Manchukuo
3. quarantine
4. Atlantic charter
5. Pentagon
6. Final Solution
7. Willow Run
8. World Bank
9. Bracero Program
10. G.I. Bill of Rights

1. **International Brigades**: The International Brigades were volunteer military units made up of anti-fascist sympathizers from around the world who fought on the Republican side against Franco's Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). They are important because they represented a significant international effort to combat fascism before World War II, and their members included many notable intellectuals and future leaders.
2. **Manchukuo**: Manchukuo was a puppet state in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, which was created in 1932 and officially existed until 1945. It was established by the Empire of Japan after the invasion of Manchuria and is important because its creation was part of Japan's imperialistic policies leading up to World War II. It also played a significant role in the region's history and the tensions leading to the Second Sino-Japanese War.
3. **Quarantine**: In the context of international relations, the term "quarantine" was famously used by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937, suggesting the use of international isolation to prevent the spread of war and aggression by fascist nations. It is important as it signaled a shift in U.S. foreign policy away from strict non-interventionism towards a more active, albeit indirect, role in countering Axis aggression prior to World War II.
4. **Atlantic Charter**: The Atlantic Charter was a pivotal policy statement issued in August 1941 that defined the Allied goals for the post-war world. It was announced by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and is important because it set out a vision for free trade, self-determination, and global cooperation, which later helped form the basis for the modern United Nations.
5. **Pentagon**: The Pentagon is the headquarters building of the United States Department of Defense. Located in Arlington, Virginia, it was completed in 1943 and is one of the world's largest office buildings. It is important because it serves as a symbol of the U.S. military and as the nerve center for U.S. defense planning and strategy.
6. **Final Solution**: The "Final Solution" was the Nazi regime's plan to exterminate the Jewish people of Europe, and it led to the Holocaust, during which six million Jews were systematically murdered. It is one of the most horrific and significant events of the 20th century, important for understanding the depths of human cruelty and the necessity of preventing genocide.
7. **Willow Run**: Willow Run was a U.S. manufacturing complex located in Michigan, constructed during World War II by the Ford Motor Company. It became famous for its role in producing B-24 Liberator bombers. It is important because it exemplified the massive industrial effort of the United States during the war, often referred to as the "Arsenal of Democracy," and it showcased the ability to produce military equipment on an unprecedented scale.
8. **World Bank**: The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of poorer countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. It was created in 1944 during the Bretton Woods Conference and is important because it aims to reduce poverty by providing financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs that are meant to improve economic prospects and quality of life.
9. **Bracero Program**: The Bracero Program was a series of laws and diplomatic agreements, initiated in 1942 between the United States and Mexico, allowing millions of Mexican men to come to the United States to work on short-term, primarily agricultural labor contracts. It is important because it established a precedent for guest worker programs and had significant effects on the agricultural economy, immigration policy, and U.S.-Mexico relations.
10. **G.I. Bill of Rights**: Officially known as the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, the G.I. Bill provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans. Benefits included low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start a business, cash payments for tuition and living expenses to attend university, high school, or vocational education, as well as one year of unemployment compensation. It is important because it significantly contributed to the post-war economic boom, democratized higher education, and transformed American society by enabling millions of veterans to obtain education and move into the middle class.