How are consequences different from punishment?

A) They never hurt or make a child unhappy
B) They are arbitrary
C) They are written as rules
D) They relate directly to the child's actions

Consequences are directly related to the child's actions, whereas punishment is typically arbitrary and intended to cause discomfort or pain to the child. Consequences are intended to help children learn from their mistakes and understand the impact of their behavior, while punishment is primarily intended to deter negative behavior by instilling fear of punishment in the child.