Has the introduction of more music download services changed the number of university students downloading music online without paying for it? Two years ago,approximately 50,000 college students admitted to downloading music online without paying for it.

A) ${\mathrm{H}}_0$ : ? < 50,000 ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{A}}$ : ? = 50,000
B) ${\mathrm{H}}_0$ : ? = 50,000 ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{A}}$ : ? > 50,000
C) ${\mathrm{H}}_0$ : ? = 50,000 ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{A}}$ : ? < 50,000
D) ${\mathrm{H}}_0$ : ? = 50,000 ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{A}}$ : ? ? 50,000
E) ${\mathrm{H}}_0$ : ? > 50,000 ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{A}}$ : ? = 50,000

The null hypothesis ( ${\mathrm{H}}_0$ ) typically represents no change or the status quo, so it should state that the mean ( $\mu$ ) number of students downloading music without paying is equal to 50,000, as this was the number two years ago. The alternative hypothesis ( ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{A}}$ ) should reflect any change from this status quo, hence it should state that the mean is not equal to 50,000 ( $\mu \ne 50,000$ ), indicating a change in behavior due to the introduction of more music download services.