Explain the role of knowledge and theory in assessments.

Answers may vary. Competent, evidence-based practice requires that assessments be informed by problem-specific knowledge. A professional should consider the nature of the problem presented by the client at intake and refer to available research to identify the factors that contribute to, sustain, and ameliorate those problems. This knowledge would help the professional to know the relevant data to be collected during assessment and the formulations that result. The professional's understanding of the research and theories on human behavior will help focus the assessment on those elements that are involved in a particular client's difficulties.
As with available knowledge, theories shape assessments. Some theories have a selective influence as concepts associated with that theory are adopted for more general use. Assessments typically utilize concepts such as risk and resilience, and empowerment and strengths, even if the assessment is not wholly organized around those frameworks. Some theoretical orientations play a greater role in the structure of the assessment and the conclusions that are drawn. As with other assessment tools, the key to successful use of techniques lies in the sensitivity and timing with which they are employed.