Explain how group size affects group dynamics, citing examples of research findings.

Group size can have a significant impact on group dynamics. Research has shown that smaller groups tend to have higher levels of cohesion and cooperation, as members are more likely to feel a sense of responsibility and accountability to the group. On the other hand, larger groups may experience more social loafing and diffusion of responsibility, as individual members may feel less accountable for the group's outcomes.

For example, a study by Latané, Williams, and Harkins (1979) found that in a social loafing experiment, participants in larger groups were less likely to contribute effort to a group task compared to those in smaller groups. This suggests that as group size increases, individual motivation and effort may decrease.

Additionally, research by McGrath (1984) suggests that smaller groups are more efficient in decision-making and problem-solving tasks, as they are able to communicate and coordinate more effectively. Larger groups, on the other hand, may struggle with coordination and may experience more conflicts and power struggles.

Overall, group size can significantly impact group dynamics, with smaller groups often exhibiting higher levels of cohesion, cooperation, and efficiency, while larger groups may experience challenges related to motivation, coordination, and decision-making.