Ed wants to know if having an audience helps people perform better.He has half the subjects complete a test in front of an audience (three confederates)and the other half complete the test alone.He then compares subjects' scores.Identify the (a)type of study (b)independent variable and (c)dependent variable.

A:

(a) Type of study:
The type of study described is an experimental study. This is because Ed is actively manipulating one variable (presence of an audience) to observe its effect on another variable (test scores). In experimental studies, participants are typically assigned to different conditions, and the researcher controls the environment to isolate the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable.

(b) Independent variable:
The independent variable in this study is the presence of an audience. This is the variable that Ed is manipulating by having one group of subjects complete the test in front of an audience and the other group complete the test alone. The independent variable is the presumed cause or condition that is expected to produce an effect on the dependent variable.

(c) Dependent variable:
The dependent variable is the subjects' test scores. This is the outcome that Ed is measuring to determine if there is an effect from the presence of the audience. The dependent variable is what is being affected during the experiment and is dependent on the independent variable. It is the presumed effect or outcome that the researcher is interested in observing and measuring.