Economic,political,cultural and other factors that lie outside an organization and affect the way it works are called:

A) international competition
B) bureaucratic norms
C) bureaucratic hierarchy
D) organizational environment
E) networks

Organizational environment refers to all the external factors such as economic, political, cultural, technological, legal, and social factors that affect an organization's functioning. These factors influence organizational behavior and decision-making processes. Understanding these factors is essential for organizations to plan and implement effective strategies.