Dyslexia has been found to be associated with ______.

A) poor instruction in the early years of schooling with respect to reading
B) children who failed to be exposed to books or read to as infants
C) neurologically based difficulty in processing speech sounds
D) an increase in mathematical ability

Dyslexia is a neurological-based condition that affects the ability to process speech sounds, particularly in relation to reading and spelling skills. Difficulty in phonological processing has been identified as a core characteristic of dyslexia. Poor instruction and lack of exposure to books or reading in infancy are not causes of dyslexia, though they can impact reading abilities. There is no evidence to suggest that dyslexia is associated with an increase in mathematical ability.