Discuss the similarities and differences between the ideologies, goals, and tactics of middle-class Progressives and those of working-class Progressives. Evaluate the effectiveness of these groups in addressing the three major Progressive themes: opposition to the abuse of power, reform of social institutions, and the quest for cooperation and scientific efficiency.

The middle-class Progressives and working-class Progressives shared some similarities in their ideologies, goals, and tactics, but also had significant differences. Both groups were motivated by a desire to address social and economic injustices, improve working conditions, and promote social welfare. They both sought to challenge the abuse of power by big business and political corruption, and they aimed to reform social institutions to create a more just and equitable society.

However, the middle-class Progressives tended to focus more on political and legal reforms, such as anti-trust legislation and government regulation of business, while the working-class Progressives were more concerned with direct action and labor organizing to improve wages and working conditions. The middle-class Progressives often worked within the existing political system, while the working-class Progressives were more likely to engage in strikes, boycotts, and other forms of direct protest.

In terms of effectiveness, both groups made significant contributions to addressing the major Progressive themes. The middle-class Progressives were successful in pushing for political and legal reforms, such as the establishment of the Food and Drug Administration and the passage of the Clayton Antitrust Act. These reforms helped to curb the power of big business and improve consumer protection.

On the other hand, the working-class Progressives were effective in organizing labor unions and advocating for better working conditions and higher wages. Their efforts led to the passage of labor laws and regulations that improved workplace safety and established the eight-hour workday.

Overall, both middle-class and working-class Progressives played important roles in addressing the abuse of power, reforming social institutions, and promoting cooperation and scientific efficiency. While their approaches and tactics differed, their combined efforts contributed to significant progress in advancing the goals of the Progressive movement.