Differences between actual costs and standard costs are known as ________.These differences may be subdivided into ________ and ________.

Standard Costs

Standard costs are predetermined costs established as targets for the production of goods or rendering of services, used as benchmarks to measure performance.

Actual Costs

The real expenses incurred or paid during a project or operation, as opposed to budgeted or estimated costs.

Differences

Refers to the disparities or variations that exist between two or more items, figures, or entities, often used in financial analysis and auditing.