Describe the four primary types of reinforcement contingencies and their impact on behavior.Identify which are the most desirable for a manager to use and why.

A contingency of reinforcement is the relationship between a behavior and the preceding and following events that influence that behavior.It consists of an antecedent,a behavior,and a consequence.Four primary types of reinforcement can be identified,based upon whether the consequent event is (a)either presented or withdrawn,and (b)pleasant or unpleasant.Both positive and negative reinforcement increase the probability of behavior.Positive reinforcement adds a pleasant event,while negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant one,contingent upon behavior.The other two types of contingency,extinction and punishment,both decrease the probability of behavior.extinction involves stopping everything that reinforces the behavior,while punishment is an unpleasant event that is presented after the behavior occurs.Positive reinforcement,which leads to pleasant emotional reactions and healthy relationships,is the most desirable for a manager to use.