Describe the factors that led to the renovation of the Production Code Administration and the compromise that was ultimately struck.

The PCA was challenged on numerous fronts throughout the 1950s and 1960s.First, the Supreme Court decided that film was protected by the First Amendment via the Miracle decision.Second, successful Hollywood directors started making more risqué films that were given seals of approval (Kazan) or sometimes distributed at the box office without any controversy (Preminger).Third, European imports such as the films of the French New Wave and Blow-Up were taking on more overtly sexual and mature subject matter and, due to contractual agreements, could not be cut for American distribution.Thus, Jack Valenti was brought in to usher in a new era for the PCA-a transition to a ratings system.