Describe sexual differentiation in males and females.

Sexual differentiation in males and females begins during fetal development. In males, the presence of the Y chromosome triggers the development of testes, which then produce testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for the development of male reproductive organs such as the penis and scrotum, as well as the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair and a deepening voice during puberty.

In females, the absence of the Y chromosome leads to the development of ovaries, which produce estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are responsible for the development of female reproductive organs such as the uterus and ovaries, as well as the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development and the widening of the hips during puberty.

The process of sexual differentiation is complex and involves the interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. It is important to note that not all individuals fit neatly into the male or female categories, and there is a wide range of natural variation in sexual development.