Describe sanctions and how they function. Explain how proceeding "as if" often makes sanctions unnecessary.

Sanctions are penalties or restrictions imposed on a country, organization, or individual in order to influence their behavior or policies. They can take the form of economic measures such as trade restrictions or asset freezes, diplomatic measures such as travel bans or the expulsion of diplomats, or military measures such as arms embargoes.

Sanctions function by creating economic, political, or social pressure on the target in order to compel them to change their behavior. For example, economic sanctions can limit a country's ability to trade with other nations, thereby reducing their access to essential goods and resources. This can in turn lead to internal unrest and pressure on the government to change its policies.

However, proceeding "as if" often makes sanctions unnecessary because it involves acting as though the desired outcome has already been achieved. This can involve engaging in diplomatic negotiations, providing incentives for cooperation, or demonstrating a willingness to compromise. By taking these steps, the need for sanctions can be avoided as the target may be more willing to change their behavior in order to maintain positive relations.

In conclusion, sanctions are a tool used to influence the behavior of a target, but proceeding "as if" often makes them unnecessary by creating an environment where the target is more willing to cooperate without the need for punitive measures.