Define and give examples of the three ethical decision-making approaches.

The utilitarian approach focuses on taking action that results in the greater good for the majority of people. For example, an organization that is struggling financially may choose to outsource some of its operations more cheaply overseas in order stay in business and retain its U.S. workforce. The rights approach fosters decisions made on moral principles that infringe as little as possible on the entitlements of others. For example, a business owner might believe it is morally wrong to pay overseas workers low wages and decide to close down his U.S.-based company rather than betray his principles. The justice approach advocates basing decisions on fairness. For example, a struggling organization might accept a takeover from a rival company rather than declare bankruptcy and leave its employees jobless.