Compare how successful the women's movement and the civil rights movement were by the end of 1988. What achievements had been made? Did each group achieve its desired freedoms? What methods did each movement best employ? Which movement was more successful, and why?

By the end of 1988, both the women's movement and the civil rights movement had made significant achievements, but each group had varying levels of success in achieving their desired freedoms.

The civil rights movement had successfully fought for and achieved legislative victories such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which aimed to end segregation and protect the voting rights of African Americans. These legislative victories were significant in advancing the rights of African Americans and dismantling institutionalized racism. However, despite these achievements, systemic racism and inequality still persisted in many aspects of American society by 1988.

On the other hand, the women's movement had also made significant strides by the end of 1988. The movement had successfully advocated for and achieved legislative victories such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, which aimed to address gender discrimination in the workplace and in education. Additionally, the movement had also raised awareness about issues such as reproductive rights and domestic violence, leading to important discussions and changes in public policy.

Both movements employed a variety of methods to achieve their goals, including grassroots organizing, civil disobedience, legal challenges, and public advocacy. The civil rights movement is often associated with nonviolent protests and civil disobedience, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington, while the women's movement utilized tactics such as consciousness-raising groups, protests, and lobbying efforts.

In terms of which movement was more successful, it is difficult to make a definitive comparison. Both movements faced significant challenges and made important strides in advancing the rights and freedoms of their respective groups. The civil rights movement made significant legislative gains, but systemic racism persisted. The women's movement also achieved legislative victories and raised awareness about important issues, but gender inequality and discrimination still existed.

In conclusion, both the women's movement and the civil rights movement were successful in making important achievements by the end of 1988. Each group had made significant progress in advancing their desired freedoms, but both still faced ongoing challenges in achieving full equality and justice. The methods employed by each movement were effective in raising awareness and advocating for change, and it is difficult to determine which movement was more successful as both faced unique obstacles and made important contributions to the advancement of civil rights and gender equality in the United States.