As a manager,Carl encourages employees to question his directives because innovation and professional judgment are crucial to the organization's success.This is an example of how ____ affect the labeling behaviors as desirable or undesirable.

A) attitudes
B) organizational norms
C) classical conditioning
D) social learning theory

Organizational norms refer to shared beliefs and values that shape behavior within a group. Carl's encouragement of questioning his directives goes against the traditional top-down approach, making it an example of a positive norm that values innovation and professional judgment. This can influence how employees perceive behaviors as desirable or undesirable within the organization. Attitudes, classical conditioning, and social learning theory are not directly applicable to this scenario.