An individual is experiencing a significant cognitive disturbance. How would you determine whether the person has delirium or neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease? What criteria must be present to meet the DSM-5 requirements for a diagnosis of each condition?

To determine whether an individual is experiencing delirium or neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease, it is important to consider the specific symptoms and criteria outlined in the DSM-5.

Delirium is characterized by a disturbance in attention and awareness that develops over a short period of time and fluctuates throughout the day. Other cognitive disturbances such as memory impairment, disorientation, and language difficulties may also be present. It is important to assess for any underlying medical conditions or substance intoxication/withdrawal that may be contributing to the delirium.

On the other hand, neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a gradual onset and progression of cognitive deficits, including memory impairment and at least one other cognitive domain (e.g., language, executive function, visuospatial abilities). These deficits must significantly impair the individual's ability to function independently in their daily life.

To meet the DSM-5 requirements for a diagnosis of delirium, the individual must exhibit a disturbance in attention and awareness, as well as an acute onset and fluctuating course of symptoms. Additionally, the symptoms must not be better explained by another preexisting neurocognitive disorder.

For a diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease, the individual must exhibit significant cognitive deficits in at least two cognitive domains, with evidence of a gradual onset and progression of symptoms. These deficits must also significantly impair the individual's ability to function independently.

In summary, a thorough assessment of the individual's symptoms, onset, and course of cognitive disturbances is necessary to differentiate between delirium and neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease, and to meet the DSM-5 criteria for each condition. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a psychiatrist or neurologist, is essential for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning.