An example of a theory based on the idea of localization of function is:

A) Gall's theory of phrenology
B) Maslow's theory of self-actualization
C) Muller's doctrine of specific nerve energies
D) Galen's theory of separate motor and sensory neurons

Gall's theory of phrenology proposes that different personality traits and abilities are localized in specific areas of the brain, called "organs." This idea was based on the observation that different areas of the skull seemed to be more prominent in individuals with certain personality traits. While phrenology is no longer considered a valid theory, the idea of localization of function in the brain has been supported by modern neuroscience research.