All of the following elements make up humanistic psychology EXCEPT

A) holistic.
B) value.
C) will.
D) spiritual.

Humanistic Psychology

The approach to personality that emphasizes aspects of psychology that are distinctly human. Closely related to the phenomenological approach and existentialism.

Holistic

An approach or perspective that considers the whole system, including all of its parts and their interactions, rather than focusing on individual components.

Value

The importance, worth, or usefulness of something, often determining what is good, beneficial, and desirable in life.