Ali, a manager at Westfort Inc., deducts the pay of his subordinates when they fail to meet targets due to absence from work. Which of the following approaches does Ali use to discourage undesirable behavior?

A) Reinforcement
B) Punishment
C) Extinction
D) Contingency

Undesirable Behavior

Actions or conduct by an individual or group that are considered harmful or inappropriate within a specific context or society.

Reinforcement

A principle in behavioral psychology where the probability of a behavior is increased through rewards or decreased through punishment.

Punishment

The imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense or wrongdoing.