Alchemists were medieval scholars and philosophers who were the forerunners of modern-day chemists. Many tried repeatedly to transform lead (atomic number 82) into gold (atomic number 79). Explain why they never succeeded.

Atomic Number

The quantity of protons present in an atom's nucleus, which dictates the element's chemical characteristics and position within the periodic table.

Alchemists

Ancient practitioners who sought to transform base metals into noble metals, such as gold, and to discover a universal cure for disease and a way of extending life.

Lead

A heavy metal element with the symbol Pb, known for its malleability, poor conductivity, and various uses and health impacts.