According to the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the United States moved from a government budget deficit to a government budget surplus, U.S. real interest rates would increase and the real exchange rate of the U.S. dollar would appreciate.

Government Budget Deficit

The financial situation where a government's expenditures exceed its revenues within a specific period, often leading to borrowing.

Government Budget Surplus

A financial situation in which a government's revenues exceed its expenditures during a specific period of time.

Real Interest Rates

Interest rates adjusted for inflation, showing the real cost of borrowing or the real yield on savings.