A researcher wishes to study behavior in a kindergarten classroom.The researcher sends home permission slips to parents informing them of the study being conducted,with a statement asking parents to return a form refusing their child's participation in the study.The research includes all students in the research for whom parents did not return the refusal form.This is an example of

A) informed consent.
B) active consent.
C) passive consent.
D) ethical violation.

This is an example of passive consent, as the parents are given the opportunity to refuse their child's participation, but their silence (not returning the form) is taken as implied consent for their child to participate. This method is commonly used in research involving minors, as it is more practical than seeking active consent from every parent. However, it is important for researchers to be transparent about their study and ensure that parents are properly informed about the research being conducted.