A researcher finds that the mean number of children in her sample is 3.48; however, the mean number of children in the population is 2.44. The difference between the two means can be attributed to ______.

A) systematic error
B) faulty logic
C) sampling error
D) non-random error

Sampling Error

The discrepancy between a sample statistic and its corresponding population parameter, due to the fact that the sample is not a perfect representation of the population.

Systematic Error

A consistent, predictable error associated with the measurement process that affects all data points in the same direction.

Non-random Error

Error in data collection or analysis that systematically distorts the results, often due to biased sampling or measurement.