A research study is investigating the effects of studying Chinese 1 or 2 hours weekly between eleventh graders and twelfth graders.How would this factorial design be best described?

A) 2 × 2
B) 3 × 2
C) 2 × 3
D) 3 × 3

The design is best described as a 2 × 2 factorial design because there are two independent variables being manipulated: amount of time studying Chinese (1 or 2 hours per week) and grade level (eleventh or twelfth). Each independent variable has two levels, resulting in a 2 × 2 design.