A major outcome of the Great Schism was

A) loss of power for the cardinals.
B) increased power for secular rulers.
C) increased power of all who served as popes.
D) a French invasion of Rome.
E) continuation of war between the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire.

The Great Schism weakened the power of the papacy and increased the power of secular rulers, as they were able to use the schism to assert their authority over the church in their respective territories. This trend continued after the schism was resolved, leading to further erosion of papal power and increased influence of secular rulers over church affairs.