A fourth stage in the history of social movements,universal citizenship,involves the promotion of the extension of citizenship rights to all adult members of society and to society as a whole.

Universal citizenship is indeed a fourth stage in the history of social movements, which advocates for the extension of citizenship rights to all adult members of society and to society as a whole, regardless of factors such as race, gender, ethnicity, class, or nationality. This includes the recognition of the rights of migrants, refugees, and stateless persons.