A challenge in epidemiologic research that explores the effect of race on cardiovascular disease is that

A) measuring race is hard because is a poorly understood concept and its validity is questionable.
B) measuring race requires DNA testing.
C) there are too many human races.
D) race is usually not associated with health outcomes.
E) cardiovascular disease is not well defined.

Cardiovascular Disease

A group of conditions affecting the heart or the blood vessels, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, and stroke.

Race

A social construct that categorizes individuals based on physical characteristics, ancestry, historical affiliation, or shared culture, often influencing societal roles and interactions.

Epidemiologic Research

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specific populations, and the application of this study to control health problems.