A 26-month-old child displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often shouts, "No!" when given direction. The nurse's counseling with the parent should be based on the premise that the child is engaged in which of Erikson's psychosocial crises?

A) Trust versus Mistrust
B) Initiative versus Guilt
C) Industry versus Inferiority
D) Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt

Psychosocial Crises

Critical events, conditions, or situations impacting an individual's psychological development and social stability, often requiring resolution for healthy progression.

Erikson's

Pertains to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which outlines eight stages from infancy to adulthood, focusing on the development of personality and identity.

Autonomy

The capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision independently.